Statistics Calculators

Degrees of Freedom Calculator

Calculate the degrees of freedom for a one-sample test, a pooled two-sample test, or a chi-square test of independence.

Degrees of freedom —

About the Degrees of Freedom Calculator

Degrees of freedom (df) represent the number of independent values that are free to vary when estimating a statistic. The formula for df depends on the type of test being performed.

Formula: One-sample: df = n − 1 · Two-sample (pooled, equal variance): df = n₁ + n₂ − 2 · Chi-square: df = (rows − 1) × (columns − 1)

Degrees of freedom determine which row of a t-distribution or chi-square table to use when finding critical values and p-values for a hypothesis test.