Statistics Calculators

Residual Calculator

Calculate the residuals (actual minus predicted) for a list of observations, along with total error, mean squared error and RMSE.

Residuals (actual − predicted) —

Sum of residuals —

Sum of squared errors (SSE) —

Mean squared error (MSE) —

Root mean squared error (RMSE) —

About the Residual Calculator

A residual is the difference between an actual observed value and the value predicted by a model — such as a regression line. Residuals reveal how well a model fits the data point by point.

Formula: Residual = Actual − Predicted · SSE = ∑(Residual)² · MSE = SSE ÷ n · RMSE = √MSE

A well-fitting model has residuals scattered randomly around zero with no obvious pattern; a small RMSE indicates the model's predictions are close to the actual values on average.